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How are fungal spores primarily transmitted?

  1. Inhalation

  2. Direct Contact or ingesting

  3. Vector-borne

  4. Surface contamination

The correct answer is: Direct Contact or ingesting

Fungal spores are primarily transmitted through inhalation, which is the correct choice. Spores are tiny reproductive units produced by fungi, and when they become airborne, they can easily be inhaled by individuals in the surrounding environment. This is particularly relevant in indoor settings where mold growth occurs, as disturbed mold can release significant quantities of spores into the air, leading to health risks, especially for sensitive individuals. While direct contact or ingestion can occur in some situations, these methods are not the primary pathways for spore transmission. Surface contamination is relevant, as spores can settle on surfaces and be transferred via hands or objects, but the main concern regarding the health effects of mold is associated with inhaling airborne spores. Vector-borne transmission is largely associated with diseases carried by other organisms, which does not apply to fungal spores.